Oracle is a relational database management system, it’s previously called as Oracle Database. This framework helps to user access the data objects directly through SQL. Oracle is a fully flexible and scalable relational database architecture and used by enterprises manage and access the data across wide and local area network. Oracle Database helps to network component communicate with across the network. So Oracle is a best way to store datas and manage applications in cost effective.  There are four editions of the Oracle Database.

  1. Enterprise Edition.
  2. Standard Edition.
  3. Express Edition.
  4. Oracle Lite.

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  • 1Z0-053 Oracle Database 11g: Administration II

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Oracle Training in Chennai Syllabus

Oracle SQL Training Syllabus

Introduction

  • Describe the features of Oracle Database 12c
  • Describe the salient features of Oracle Cloud 12c
  • Explain the theoretical and physical aspects of a relational database
  • Describe Oracle servers implementation of RDBMS and object relational database management system (ORDBMS)

1. Basic DATABASE Concept and SQL

  • Basic history of database concept: DBMS, RDBMS, ORDBMS
  • Advantage of ORACLE database and version information
  • Interface tools usage: sqlplus, isqlplus, sqldeveloper, Toad
  • SQL Language overview : DQL, DML, DDL, DCL, TCL
  • What is the usage of ANSI standard.
  • SELECT Command – Column Alias Rules, String data,
  • Concatenations with various data
  • Null Value handling with number and characters,
  • Arithmetic Operator
  • Concatenation Operator,
  • Eliminating Duplicate Rows

2. Restricting and Sorting Data

  • WHERE Clause – Character Strings and Dates, number
  • General Comparison Conditions = > >= < <= <>
  • Other Comparison BETWEEN , IN , LIKE , NULL
  • Logical Conditions AND OR NOT
  • ORDER BY Clause, Sorting by Column Alias , Column Position, Multiple Columns

3. Single-Row Functions

  • Character Functions: UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP, LENGTH, SUBSTR, INSTR, LPAD, RPAD, CONCAT, LTRIM, RTRIM, TRIM, REPLACE, TRANSLATE, REVERSE
  • Number Functions: ROUND, TRUNC, MOD, POWER, CEIL , FLOOR, ABS
  • Dates Functions: SYSDATE, MONTHS_BETWEEN, NEXT_DAY, LAST_DAY, ADD_MONTHS, ROUND, TRUNC, Arithmetic on Date
  • Conversion Functions: Implicit Data-Type Conversion & Explicit Data-Type Conversion, TO_CHAR ,TO_NUMBER ,TO_DATE
  • General Functions: NVL , NVL2 , NULLIF, COALESCE
  • CASE Expression, DECODE
  • Nested function with real-time usage

4. JOINS

  • EQUI JOIN / SIMPLE JOIN / NORMAL JOIN
  • ANSI JOIN, LEFT OUTER, RIGHT OUTER, FULL OUTER
  • NATURAL JOIN, NATURAL OUTER JOINS
  • INNER JOIN, JOIN … USING clause, JOIN … ON clause,
  • CROSS JOIN, NON-EQUI JOIN, SELF JOIN
  • ORACLE STANDARD OUTER JOINS.
  • Multi table Joins, Complex Joins How to simplified complex joins.

5. Multi-row Functions

  • Group Functions Rules, SUM, MIN, MAX, COUNT, AVG
  • Creating Groups of Data: GROUP BY Clause
  • Filtering Group Results: The HAVING Clause

6. Sub-queries

  • Single-Row Subqueries- Rules, Operators : = > >= < <= <>
  • Null Values in a Subquery
  • Multi-Row Subqueries- Rules, Operators : IN, ANY , ALL

7. Reporting data using interface commands

  • pagesize, linesize , column heading , column format , colsep
  • tTitle , bTitle , break on column, spool , CSV file generation, Text file generation

8. Data Manipulation Language DML and Transaction Control Language TCL

  • DML : INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE
  • TCL : COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT

9. Data Definition Language – DDL

  • DDL : CREATE, ALTER, RENAME, DROP, TRUNCATE
  • DEFAULT OPTION.
  • Constrain table copy

10. Constraints

  • NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK
  • Column Level Constraint, Table Level Constraint Naming constraints and usage
  • Adding a Constraint, Dropping a Constraint,
  • Disabling Constraints, Enabling Constraints
  • Validating Constraints

11. Views

  • Simple Views and Complex Views , Create, Drop, Source Code
  • Rules for Performing DML Operations on a View
  • WITH CHECK OPTION , WITH READ ONLY
  • Inline Views
  • Materialized View , Create, Refresh, Drop – Usage

12. Other Database Objects

  • Sequence- NEXTVAL and CURRVAL
  • Index – When to Create an Index, When Not to Create an Index.
  • Synonyms

13. DCL COMMANDS

  • Creating Users
  • Granting / Revoking Privileges
  • Creating and Granting Privileges to a Role

14. Dictionary Tables

  • Tables, Views, Synonyms, Index, Sequence, Constrains, Source and other Dictionary

15. SET Operators

  • UNION ,
  • UNION ALL ,
  • INTERSECT ,
  • MINUS

16. Advanced Date-time Functions

  • TIME ZONES ,
  • SYSDATE, SYSTIMESTAMP,
  • CURRENT_DATE , CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
  • SESSIONTIMEZONE ,
  • Storing time zone data in Table
  • EXTRACT ,
  • TO_YMINTERVAL

17. Advanced GROUP BY Clause

  • Group by with ROLLUP,
  • Group by with CUBE,
  • GROUPING SETS

18. Advanced Subqueries

  • Pairwise Comparison Subquery ,
  • Nonpairwise Comparison Subquery
  • Correlated Subqueries,
  • Correlated UPDATE,
  • Correlated DELETE
  • EXISTS , NOT EXISTS Operator

19. Hierarchical Retrieval

  • Walking the Tree: From the Bottom Up , From the Top Down
  • LEVEL Pseudo column,
  • Connect by prior,

20. Multi-table Insert

  • Unconditional INSERT ALL
  • Conditional INSERT ALL
  • Conditional FIRST INSERT

21. DATA LOADER

  • SQLLDR Loading CSV file / Flat file into ORACLE table.

22. Analytic Functions

  • WM_CONCAT, LAG, LEAD, RANK, DENSE_RANK
  • Query_by partition_clause with sum, min, max, avg, count,
  • order_by_clause with sum, min, max, avg, count,
  • Psudo column : Rownum, Rowid, – Elimination duplicate data
  • Connect by rownum , Connect by Level Generating random numbers, random dates,
  • Quote Operator syntax and usage

23. Backup

  • Export / Import SCHEMA

24. General discussion

  • What is migration?
  • Migration Estimating, Planning, Preparation Simple/ Complex Scenario.

Oracle SQL / PLSQL Assignments

  • Group Functions

    1. Write a query to find the number of employees Joined in each year?
    2. Write a query to display the number of people with the same job.
    play the highest, lowest, sum, and average salary of all employees. Label the columns Maximum, Minimum, Sum, and Average, respectively. Round your results to the nearest whole number.
    4. display the minimum, maximum, sum, and average salary for each job type.
    5. Display the manager number and the salary of the lowest paid employee for that manager. Exclude anyone whose manager is not known. Exclude any groups where the minimum salary is $6,000 or less. Sort the output in descending order of salary.
    6. Write a query that displays the difference between the highest and lowest salaries. Label the column DIFFERENCE.
    7. Determine the number of managers without listing them. Label the column Number of Managers. Hint: Use the MANAGER_ID column to determine the number of managers.

  • Constraints

    1. Add a table-level PRIMARY KEY constraint to the EMP table on the ID column. The constraint should be named at creation. Name the constraint my_emp_id_pk
    2. Create a PRIMARY KEY constraint to the DEPT table using the ID column. The constraint should be named at creation. Name the constraint my_dept_id_pk.
    3. Add a column DEPT_ID to the EMP table. Add a foreign key reference on the EMP table that ensures that the employee is not assigned to a nonexistent department. Name the constraint my_emp_dept_id_fk.
    4. Confirm that the constraints were added by querying the USER_CONSTRAINTS view. Note the types and names of the constraints. Save your statement text in a file called lab10_4.sql.
    5. Display the object names and types from the USER_OBJECTS data dictionary view for the EMP and DEPT tables. Notice that the new tables and a new index were created.
    6. Modify the EMP table. Add a COMMISSION column of NUMBER data type, precision 2, scale 2. Add a constraint to the commission column that ensures that a commission value is greater than zero.

  • DCL

    1. What privilege should a user be given to log on to the Oracle Server? Is this a system or an object privilege?
    2. What privilege should a user be given to create tables?
    3. If you create a table, who can pass along privileges to other users on your table?
    4. You are the DBA. You are creating many users who require the same system privileges. What should you use to make your job easier?
    5. What command do you use to change your password?
    6. Grant another user access to your DEPARTMENTS table. Have the user grant you query access to his or her DEPARTMENTS table.
    7. Query all the rows in your DEPARTMENTS table.
    8. Add a new row to your DEPARTMENTS table. Team 1 should add Education as department number 500. Team 2 should add Human Resources department number 510. Query the other team’s table.
    9. Create a synonym for the other team’s DEPARTMENTS table.
    10. Query all the rows in the other team’s DEPARTMENTS table by using your synonym.
    11. Query the USER_TABLES data dictionary to see information about the tables that you own.
    12. Query the ALL_TABLES data dictionary view to see information about all the tables that you can access. Exclude tables that you own.
    13. Revoke the SELECT privilege from the other team.
    14. Remove the row you inserted into the DEPARTMENTS table in step 8 and save the changes.

  • DDL

    1. Create the DEPT table based on the following table instance chart. Place the syntax in a script called lab9_1.sql, then execute the statement in the script to create the table. Confirm that the table is created.
    2. Populate the DEPT table with data from the DEPARTMENTS table. Include only columns that you need.
    3. Create the EMP table based on the following table instance chart. Place the syntax in a script called lab9_3.sql, and then execute the statement in the script to create the table. Confirm that the table is created.
    4. Modify the EMP table to allow for longer employee last names. Confirm your modification.
    5. Confirm that both the DEPT and EMP tables are stored in the data dictionary. (Hint: USER_TABLES)
    6. Create the EMPLOYEES2 table based on the structure of the EMPLOYEES table. Include only the EMPLOYEE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, and DEPARTMENT_ID columns. Name the columns in your new table ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY , and DEPT_ID, respectively.
    7. Drop the EMP table.
    8. Rename the EMPLOYEES2 table to EMP.
    9. Add a comment to the DEPT and EMP table definitions describing the tables. Confirm your additions in the data dictionary. COMMENT ON TABLE emp IS ’Employee Information’; COMMENT ON TABLE dept IS ’Department Information’;
    10. Drop the FIRST_NAME column from the EMP table. Confirm your modification by checking the description of the table.
    11. In the EMP table, mark the DEPT_ID column in the EMP table as UNUSED. Confirm your modification by checking the description of the table.
    12. Drop all the UNUSED columns from the EMP table. Confirm your modification by checking the description of the table.

  • DML

    INSERT DATA INTO THE MY_EMPLOYEE TABLE.

    1. Run the statement in the lab8_1.sql script to build the MY_EMPLOYEE table that will be used for the lab.
    2. Describe the structure of the MY_EMPLOYEE table to identify the column names.
    3. Add the first row of data to the MY_EMPLOYEE table from the following sample data. Do not list the columns in the INSERT clause.
    4. Populate the MY_EMPLOYEE table with the second row of sample data from the preceding list. This time, list the columns explicitly in the INSERT clause.
    5. Confirm your addition to the table.
    6. Write an insert statement in a text file named loademp.sql to load rows into the MY_EMPLOYEE table. Concatenate the first letter of the first name and the first seven characters of the last name to produce the userid.
    7. Populate the table with the next two rows of sample data by running the insert statement in the script that you created.
    8. Confirm your additions to the table.
    9. Make the data additions permanent.
    10. Change the last name of employee 3 to Drexler. UPDATE my_employee
    11. Change the salary to 1000 for all employees with a salary less than 900.
    12. Verify your changes to the table.
    13. Delete Betty Dancs from the MY_EMPLOYEE table.
    14. Confirm your changes to the table.
    15. Commit all pending changes.
    16. Populate the table with the last row of sample data by modifying the statements in the script that you created in step 6. Run the statements in the script.
    17. Confirm your addition to the table.
    18. Mark an intermediate point in the processing of the transaction.
    19. Empty the entire table.
    20. Confirm that the table is empty.
    21. Discard the most recent DELETE operation without discarding the earlier INSERT operation.
    22. Confirm that the new row is still intact.
    23. Make the data addition permanent.

  • Grouping Sets

    1. Write a query to display the following for those employees whose manager ID is less than 120:

    • Manager ID
    • Job ID and total salary for every job ID for employees who report to the same manager
    • Total salary of those managers
    • Total salary of those managers, irrespective of the job IDs

    2. Observe the output from question 1. Write a query using the GROUPING function to determine whether the NULL values in the columns corresponding to the GROUP BY expressions are caused by the ROLLUP operation.

    3. Write a query to display the following for those employees whose manager ID is less than 120 :

    • Manager ID
    • Job and total salaries for every job for employees who report to the same manager
    • Total salary of those managers
    • Cross-tabulation values to display the total salary for every job, irrespective of the manager
    • Total salary irrespective of all job titles

    4. Observe the output from question 3. Write a query using the GROUPING function to determine whether the NULL values in the columns corresponding to the GROUP BY expressions are caused by the CUBE operation.

    5. Using GROUPING SETS, write a query to display the following groupings :

    • department_id, manager_id, job_id
    • department_id, job_id
    • Manager_id, job_id

    The query should calculate the sum of the salaries for each of these groups.

  • SET Operators

    1. List the department IDs for departments that do not contain the job ID ST_CLERK, using SET operators.
    2. Display the country ID and the name of the countries that have no departments located in them, using SET operators.
    3. Produce a list of jobs for departments 10, 50, and 20, in that order. Display job ID and department ID, using SET operators.
    4. List the employee IDs and job IDs of those employees who currently have the job title that they held before beginning their tenure with the company.
    5. Write a compound query that lists the following: • Last names and department ID of all the employees from the EMPLOYEES table, regardless of whether or not they belong to any department • Department ID and department name of all the departments from the DEPARTMENTS table, regardless of whether or not they have employees working in them

  • Relational Operators

    1. Write a query to display the last name, department number, and salary of any employee whose department number and salary both match the department number and salary of any employee who earns a commission.
    2. Display the last name, department name, and salary of any employee whose salary and commission match the salary and commission of any employee located in location ID1700.
    3. Create a query to display the last name, hire date, and salary for all employees who have the same salary and commission as Kochhar. Note: Do not display Kochhar in the result set.
    4. Create a query to display the employees who earn a salary that is higher than the salary of all of the sales managers (JOB_ID = ’SA_MAN’). Sort the results on salary from highest to lowest.
    5. Display the details of the employee ID, last name, and department ID of those employees who live in cities whose name begins with T.
    6. Write a query to find all employees who earn more than the average salary in their departments. Display last name, salary, department ID, and the average salary for the department. Sort by average salary. Use aliases for the columns retrieved by the query as shown in the sample output.
    7. Find all employees who are not supervisors. a. First do this by using the NOT EXISTS operator. b. Can this be done by using the NOT IN operator? How, or why not?
    8. Write a query to display the last names of the employees who earn less than the average salary in their departments.
    9. Write a query to display the last names of employees who have one or more coworkers in their departments with later hire dates but higher salaries.
    10. Write a query to display the employee ID, last names, and department names of all employees. Note: Use a scalar subquery to retrieve the department name in the SELECT statement.
    11. Write a query to display the department names of those departments whose total salary cost is above one-eighth (1/8) of the total salary cost of the whole company. Use the WITH clause to write this query. Name the query SUMMARY.

  • JOINS

    1. Write a query to display the last name, department number, and department name for all employees.
    2. Create a unique listing of all jobs that are in department 80. Include the location of the department in the output.
    3. Write a query to display the employee last name, department name, location ID, and city of all employees who earn a commission.
    4. Display the employee last name and department name for all employees who have an a (lowercase) in their last names. Place your SQL statement in a text file named test4.sql.
    5. Write a query to display the last name, job, department number, and department name for all employees who work in Toronto.
    6. Display the employee last name and employee number along with their manager’s last name and manager number. Label the columns Employee , Emp#, Manager, Mgr#, respectively. Place your SQL statement in a text file named test6.sql.
    7. Modify test6.sql to display all employees including King, who has no manager. Place your SQL statement in a text file named test7.sql. Run the query in lab4_7.sql
    8. Create a query that displays employee last names, department numbers, and all the employees who work in the same department as a given employee. Give each column an appropriate label.
    9. Show the structure of the JOB_GRADES table. Create a query that displays the name, job, department name, salary, and grade for all employees.
    10. Create a query to display the name and hire date of any employee hired after employee Davies.
    11. Display the names and hire dates for all employees who were hired before their managers, along with their manager’s names and hire dates. Label the columns Employee, Emp Hired, Manager, and Mgr Hired, respectively.

  • BASIC SQL STATEMENTS

  • Single Row Functions

    1. For each employee, display the employee’s last name, and calculate the number of months between today and the date the employee was hired. Label the column MONTHS_WORKED. Order your results by the number of months employed. Round the number of months up to the closest whole number.
    2. Write a query that produces the following for each employee: earns monthly but wants <3 times salary>. Label the column Dream Salaries.
    3. Create a query to display the last name and salary for all employees. Format the salary to be 15 characters long, left-padded with $. Label the column SALARY.
    4. Display each employee’s last name, hire date, and salary review date, which is the first Monday after six months of service. Label the column REVIEW. Format the dates to appear in the format similar to “Monday, the Thirty-First of July, 2000.”
    5. Display the last name, hire date, and day of the week on which the employee started. Label the column DAY. Order the results by the day of the week starting with Monday.
    6. Create a query that displays the employees’ last names and commission amounts. If an employee does not earn commission, put “No Commission.” Label the column COMM.
    7. Create a query that displays the employees’ last names and indicates the amounts of their annual salaries with asterisks. Each asterisk signifies a thousand dollars. Sort the data in descending order of salary. Label the column EMPLOYEES_AND_THEIR_SALARIES.

  • SQLPLUS_COMMANDS

    DETERMINE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE:

    1. The following statement is correct: DEFINE & p_val = 100
    2. The DEFINE command is a SQL command.
    3. Write a script to display the employee last name, job, and hire date for all employees who started between a given range. Concatenate the name and job together, separated by a space and comma, and label the column Employees. In a separate SQL script file, use the DEFINE command to provide the two ranges. Use the format MM/DD/YYYY. Save the script files as lab7_3a.sql and lab7_3b.sql.
    4. Write a script to display the employee last name, job, and department name for a given location. The search condition should allow for case-insensitive searches of the department location. Save the script file as lab7_4.sql.
    5. Modify the code in lab7_4.sql to create a report containing the department name, employee last name, hire date, salary, and each employee’s annual salary for all employees in a given location. Label the columns DEPARTMENT NAME, EMPLOYEE NAME, START DATE, SALARY, and ANNUAL SALARY, placing the labels on multiple lines. Resave the script as lab7_5.sql and execute the commands in the script.

  • SUB_QUERY

    1. Write a query to display the last name and hire date of any employee in the same department as Zlotkey. Exclude Zlotkey.
    2. Create a query to display the employee numbers and last names of all employees who earn more than the average salary. Sort the results in ascending order of salary.
    3. Write a query that displays the employee numbers and last names of all employees who work in a department with any employee whose last name contains a u. Place your SQL statement in a text file named lab6_3.sql. Run your query.
    4. Display the last name, department number, and job ID of all employees whose department location ID is 1700.
    5. Display the last name and salary of every employee who reports to King.
    6. Display the department number, last name, and job ID for every employee in the Executive department.
    7. Modify the query in lab6_3.sql to display the employee numbers, last names, and salaries of all employees who earn more than the average salary and who work in a department with any employee with a u in their name. Resave lab6_3.sql to lab6_7.sql. Run the statement in lab6_7.sql.

  • VIEWS

    1. Create a view called EMPLOYEES_VU based on the employee numbers, employee names, and department numbers from the EMPLOYEES table. Change the heading for the employee name to EMPLOYEE.
    2. Display the contents of the EMPLOYEES_VU view.
    3. Select the view name and text from the USER_VIEWS data dictionary view. Note: Another view already exists. The EMP_DETAILS_VIEW was created as part of your schema. Note: To see more contents of a LONG column, use the iSQL*Plus command SET LONG n, where n is the value of the number of characters of the LONG column that you want to see.
    4. Using your EMPLOYEES_VU view, enter a query to display all employee names and department numbers.
    5. Create a view named DEPT50 that contains the employee numbers, employee last names, and department numbers for all employees in department 50. Label the view columns EMPNO, EMPLOYEE, and DEPTNO. Do not allow an employee to be reassigned to another department through the view.
    6. Display the structure and contents of the DEPT50 view.
    7. Attempt to reassign Matos to department 80.
    8. Create a view called SALARY_VU based on the employee last names, department names, salaries, and salary grades for all employees. Use the EMPLOYEES, DEPARTMENTS, and JOB_GRADES tables. Label the columns Employee, Department, Salary, and Grade, respectively.

  • SEQUENCE

    1. Create a sequence to be used with the primary key column of the DEPT table. The sequence should start at 200 and have a maximum value of 1000. Have your sequence increment by ten numbers. Name the sequence DEPT_ID_SEQ.
    2. Write a query in a script to display the following information about your sequences: sequence name, maximum value, increment size, and last number. Name the script lab12_2.sql. Run the statement in your script.
    3. Write a script to insert two rows into the DEPT table. Name your script lab12_3.sql. Be sure to use the sequence that you created for the ID column. Add two departments named Education and Administration. Confirm your additions. Run the commands in your script.
    4. Create a nonunique index on the foreign key column (DEPT_ID) in the EMP table.
    5. Display the indexes and uniqueness that exist in the data dictionary for the EMP table. Save the statement into a script named lab12_5.sql.

  • Unix files

  • Interview Questions

    1. Identifying duplicates and Deleting duplicates
    2. 2nd maximum salary
    3. rownum and rowid diff
    4. case and decode diff
    5. Write all the sql and plsql concepts you know
    6. What is synonym and purpose?
    7. sequence and purpose
    8. diff between group fun and analytical fun
    9. replace and translate diff
    10. instr and substr diff with examples
    11. identify the no of ‘a’ in a string
    12. What is view – why? – functionality
    13. mview and refresh methods
    14. constraints
    15. delete and truncate diff
    16. null functions with real time scenario
    17. write a query with group by clause
    18. joins – diff – cartesian product
    19. Why we are using gtt ? disadvantages
    20. What is index? functionality – types
    21. procedure and functions diff
    22. How many table u ‘ve created?
    23. How many subprograms u ‘ve created?
    24. Types of exceptions,how exceptions handling in your project ?
    25. recently created procedure/function/package ?
    26. yesterday the query was running fast but not today why ?
    27. what is cursor ? – attributes – real time example
    28. diff between cursor and ref cursor – real time scenario
    29. files handling concepts in oracle – which is faster ?
    30. write a query for delete and update with joins
    31. insert values using select statement
    32. create table using select statement and structure ?
    33. how take insert scripts using sql developer/toad
    34. how to check the program error and debug ?
    35. connect by level – hierarchycal query
    36. collection types – where u used in your project
    37. collection type as table column
    38. mutating table error – hw to solve it ?
    39. where u ‘ve used trigger in ur project
    40. :new ? :old ?
    41. what is compound trigger
    42. recently faced issue , ur contribution ?
    43. how oracle works while executing the query
    44. function based index – issue – why ?
    45. packages – advantages
    46. write a query – who joined on tuesdays ?
    47. list all the alphabets – write a querypossible to create fk for the same table ?
    48. how to generate awr report ? – how to read it
    49. query tuning – how do u do that ?
    50. what is table fragmentation ?
    51. explain plan – how to get it ? and how to read it ?
    52. sample real time procedure and function
    53. basic unix commands – 10 frequently used commands
    54. what is olap ? Online Analytical Processings
    55. what is oltp ? Online transaction Processings
    56. joins and sub query diff
    57. with clause and sub query
    58. Inline view ?
    59. who is getting the maximum salary ?
    60. dynamic sql ?
    61. how to insert values in clob , blob and bfile ?
    62. There is a column name Inv-128 how you print separately char alone and number alone?
    63. insert – Last One year data into another table
    64. Get – Last 30 days data Month wise employees count ?
    65. Which dep is having max no of employees ?
    66. Recently inserted record ?
    67. Change fname to lname and lname to fname
    68. when parent key not found error will occur ?
    69. when child record found error will occur ?
    70. what is on delete cascade / on delete null ?
    71. what is novalidate ? — not to validate the existing data
    72. How to get no of records in a table?
    73. Which join will be faster
    74. Find the count of a char in a string using regular exp and other way
    75. Return 50% of the data from a table
    76. Date and year functions in oracle
    77. TOP N values
    78. Hierarchy queries
    79. 11 G features, 12 C features
    80. Split a comma separated string into rows
    81. Find the 1st and last date of a given period
    82. Listagg
    83. Rollup & Cube
    84. In bulk collect if limit is not used what will happen
    85. Query a plsql table
    86. Virtual column
    87. How to modify a column datatype in a table which contains millions of records?
    88. Merge & it uses
    89. What happens when a query executed in a database
    90. Explain plan & the structure of the explain plan
    91. Gather statistics report
    92. Normalization
    93. Pragma Autonomous transaction
    94. Pragma exception_init
    95. How to fine line of error in a program
    96. Types of cursor and attributes
    97. Refcursor & sys_refcursor
    98. Weak & strong ref Cursor
    99. DBMS packages
    100. Check with oracle default packages
    101. UTIL file handling
    102. How to debug the procedures or packages
    103. Transaction Isolation level
    104. Round(45.883,-2) & Round(45.883,-1)
    105. How to debug the procedures or packages
    106. Find which query is performing low inside proc or package
    107. Subquery types and example . Which subquery will return fast
    108. Different types of hints & when to use it
    109. Different types of hints & when to use it
    Why we should not use commit inside trigger? If we use what will happen

  • Oracle Test

    Self Evaluation – 1 hrs
    *************
    1.write a query to display no of employees in each department ?

    2.write a query to get second max salary using group function ?

    3.write a query to display who is getting the max salary in each department ?

    4.write a query to display the avg salary in each department ?

    5.what happens internally in oracle when primary key created for a column ?

    6.what is index ? types ? functionality of each ?

    7.what is view ? types ? restriction methods ? purpose of views ?

    10.what are analytical functions ? difference between rank and dense_rank ?

    11.write a query to delete duplicate rows ?

    12.write a query to get department wise maximum salary by using analytical function ?

    13.what is the difference between left join and right join ?

    14.find the output for the below query
    i. select case when 1=1 then 2 else 3 end from dual;
    ii. select decode(4,2,5,4,9,3) from dual;
    iii.select round(’12-nov-2001′,’yy’) from dual;

    15.write a query to display even numbers

    16.write the syntax for lead

    17.what is synonym ? explain the purpose

    18.write the syntax for adding foreign key in alter statement

    19.find the output
    i. select * from emp where empid = 100 and empid = 101;
    ii. select * from emp where empid = 100 or empid = 101;

    20.differnce between union and union all ?

    21.write a query using having clause

    22.write syntax for listagg function

    23.what is default / interval partition ?

    24.what are the concepts you know in sql ?

    25.list some features of 11g

    26.list some features of 12C

  • Prod-Support

    L1 and L2 support

    about yourself/day to day activities

    currently working as an associate in tcs

    i have exp in IM , PM , exp in support and dev
    support => manitanance
    develop => enhancement

    i have raised more incedents(tickets – issues) – jira/remedy/service now

    IM – IR => incedent request
    PM – PR => problem request

    Application users : End uers (retail client/ institutional client)

    Project => application – issue – call/mail/chat/web form

    L1 – calls , mails , chat , web form

    step 2 : ticket raise – incedent raise – jira
    : problem request
    : incedent log

    L2 : L1 – incedent – L2 mail – jira – analyse – run book (issue – solution)

    issues

    slowness
    login
    connectivity
    serverful
    cpu usage
    performance

    Application monitor – Oracle Enterprise Manager – Autosys – job – mail

    L3 support

    job – shell script

    Service Level Agreement SLA
    problem => critical,high,low,CR

    we are facing performance issue tickets – run book – l3 – acknowledge
    24/7 support – rotational

    crtical 5mins 1 hour
    high 5 3 hours
    low 5 8 hours
    CR

    CR – Change Request

    coding – L3 – Release – minor – major

    minor – one week
    major – one month

    =================================================================

    Day to Day activities: L1 , L2 and L3 production support

    I’m a pure application support executive

    currently working for xxx company for the project yyy and our
    client is ? bank

    This project is nothing but to manage cash flows / customer validations/down stream application logic validations/
    transactions – rtgs/neft/cheque/local cheques handling

    i have good experience in level 1 and level 2 support
    i have used jira/service now/remedy as ticking tool.

    i have worked for both incident management and problem management

    i have raised so many tickets for application issues
    mostly we are getting performance related issues

    since our application used by several end users – retail clients
    or institutional clients

    our application using by retail clients
    or institutional clients – we are getting issues by chats / mails / web forms / calls

    tasks been segrigated by diff team

    as a support person i will be analyzing it , i will be follwing runbook
    we have some common listed issues with solution in that book.
    we will try to rectify the issue then and there using check list. if not then we are supposed to raise ticket in service now.

    yesterday we have faced an issue – which the java web services not restarted by the l4 team . we have raised a ticket to do the same.

    appart from raising tickets , i used to monitor the application in all the
    way like cpu usage / cpu utilization / memory capacity /performance
    of the application / connectivity issues – by oem – oracle enterprise manager / invoice issue / booking issue / maintenance / quotation poblem / data issues / order management

    if anything related to this monitoring issue i will be raising a ticket
    to l3 and l4 team.

    eg/ if we getting ora error related issues

    analyze the issue
    proritize the issue – critical / high / low / cr – change request
    decision making – by l1 or l2 team or it has to be moved to l3 team

    if any code fix – eg/ sequence altering issue – String buffer too small
    we will sending/attaching the screenshots in jira and raising ticket to dev team.

    they should acknowledge within 5 mins and should fix the issue within the SLA (service level agreement)

    if not then we will be calling them , to get the update else
    again ticket will be raised – using service now

    production support team working – 24/7
    i have worked in rotational shifts. 9pm – 6am now
    we have supported in week ends too

    analysis – code fix

    Environments:
    dev
    sit
    uat
    staging – replica of prod – we access in this environment
    production – we dont have any access for prod

    i have good knowledge in plsql concepts. like proc , function , packages,triggers , bulk collect , bulk bind , cursor

    having good experience in handling these concepts and little performance tuning knowledge

    since we are the very first contact for the end users , i will be connecting dev team for performance related issues

    1.query taking much time
    2.index invalid staus
    3.hints – to force index
    4.stats gathering – remove the empty blocks to make the performace faster

    i have good experience in unix basic commands
    we are using putty as a tool to connect the server.
    i used to check the data flows and error log files in putty.

    i used to get the connection strings and server infomation
    to connect the putty if any issues related to java or oracle

    i have learned so many commands in unix

    ls
    cd
    awk
    grep
    sed
    cp
    mv
    mkdir

    vi editor – important – u can edit in cmd – save – we dont have access

    i will be updating my staus in stand up call every day – 10pm

  • Pt for Interview Questions

    I ve good understanding of pt concepts. i ve hands on experience in pt like to generate awr report , sql query tuning , explain plan analysis . i ve been part of pt team for last 3 4 months. i got the clear understanding of application flow.

    we recently faced an issue of
    application latency
    blank report
    query slowness
    memory usage full

    for application latency , our dba will be sending the awr reprt to us and i will analyze the report based on the check list give to us. we have standard process to follow for pt, whether we can go for joins instead of sub query , null functions to be replaced by case or decode to be replaced by case .. etc

    i will check the explain plan for the query first with screenshot, then i will analyze which scans have been done by optimizer whether index has been read (if index there), or index required , hints to be forced , sub query to be replaced … if i found any cost decrease then i will force hint or iniating index .. or gathering table statics

    we faced more application slowness (particular page will be blank at specific point of time ) issues. for that we will be doing

    exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(‘hr’,’employees’);

    after running this .. index may go for unusable status so we have to check the index status in user_indexes. if it is in unusable status then

    alter index index_name rebuild online; ( if production time issue ) or
    alter index index_name rebuild;

    i have some knowledge of analysing awr report

    select * from dba_hist_snapshot;

    first of all we need to get the application slowness issue timings from L1 people
    based on that i will be checking in the respective database to get the snap start id , snap end id , db id , instance number to generate awr report.

    using select * from
    table(dbms_workload_repository.awr_report_html(dbid,insnumber,snapsid,snapeid));

    i will check top 10 fore ground events and then i can easily identify the query which took more time to execute. if the cost of the query says 100% above then i will tune the query…

    table partitioning
    awr report
    index
    hints
    bind variable
    avoidance of null functions
    use case instead of decode
    collections / bulk collect ..

    How to see explain plan

    in sqlplus => set autot on
    in toad => ctl+e

    General way

    explain for select * from emp;
    select dbms_xplan.display from dual;

  • Screening

    Screening

    Name
    Total IT Exp 2 years 1 months
    Relevant Exp in Oracle 2 years 1 months
    Current CTC 3.9 Lakhs
    Expected CTC 5.0 Lakhs (Negotiable)
    Notice Period 2 months
    Company Name Wipro Technologies
    Contract / Permanant Permanant
    Designation Production Support Engineer
    Role L1, L2 Production Support
    Team size 20+
    Telecom / Insurance Yes
    SQL 3.5/5 70% 80%
    PLSQL 3.5/5
    UNIX SHELL SCRIPTING 3.5/5
    PERFORMANCE Tuning 3.5/5
    Relocation Yes
    Contract to Hire Yes
    Bank Statement HDFC Bank
    Form 16 Yes
    PF Yes
    Production Support Yes
    Development Yes
    Reason for Change Career Growth
    official email id first_name.last_name@wipro.com
    Certification OCA, OCP
    Versions 10g, 11g, 12c

    Tools

    Tools Used

    Oracle Developer SQLPLUS, TOAD, SQL Developer
    UNIX Putty, F-Secure SSH Client
    Ticket tracking Service Now, ITT, JIRA, Remedy
    Version Control CVS, SVN, VSS
    Data Modeling ERWIN, VISIO
    Job Scheduling Autosys
    Database Oracle, Sybase
    Server Oracle Solaris 10
    Application Server
    Middleware Oracle WebLogic Server 12cR2 (12.2.1)

    Name
    Company name
    Phone Extn
    email
    Job Description

    89399 15577

    Performance Tuning

    Explain Plan
    DBMS_Profiler
    Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
    TKProf
    Index
    Table Partition
    Hints
    Parallel Query
    Bind Variables
    Pipelined Table Function
    Query rewrite
    Global Temporary table
    Materialized Views
    XML
    Bulk Collect
    Bulk Bind
    Gather Table Statistics
    Rebuilt Index
    Direct Path loader
    Conventional Path loader
    NoLogging
    V$SQLTEXT, V$SQLAREA, V$SQLPLAN
    Table Fragmentation
    Last Analyzed – Index, Table, Schema, Database

     

     

     

  • Table_Design

    Roles of Data Modeler

    Data modeler will create three types of data models based on the page design given by the Business Analyst.

    First data model is, Conceptual data model which includes

    -> Entity names

    ->Entity relationship

    Second data model is, Logical data model which includes

    ->Entity names

    ->Entity relationship

    ->Attributes

    ->Primary key

    ->Foreign key

    Third data model is, Physical data model which includes

    ->Table Name

    ->Column Name

    ->Column Data type

    ->Primary key

    ->Foreign key

    Table Creations

     

    Clients_Table

    create table c_clients(client_id number not null,client_details varchar(255),Constraint c1 primary key(client_id));

     

    Accounts_Table

    create table a_accounts(account_id number not null, client_id number,
    account_details varchar(255),Constraint c2 primary key (account_id),foreign key(client_id) References c_clients(client_id));

    Financial_products_table

    create table f_products(f_product_id number not null,f_product_details varchar(255),
    Constraint c3 primary key(f_product_id));

    Asset_Table

    create table a_asset(asset_id number not null,asset_details varchar(255),Constraint c4 primary key(asset_id));

    Brokerage_Table

    create table b_broker(broker_id number not null,broker_details varchar(255),Constraint c5 primary key(broker_id));

    Mobile_Device_Table

    create table m_device(mobile_device_id number not null,mobile_details varchar(255),Constraint c6 primary key(mobile_device_id));

     

    Staff_Table

    create table s_staff(staff_id number not null,mobile_device_id number,staff_details varchar(255),Constraint c7 primary key(staff_id), foreign key(mobile_device_id) References m_device(mobile_device_id));

    Deals_table

    create table d_deals(deal_id number not null, account_id number,asset_id number, broker_id number ,f_product_id number,staff_id number,generic_deal_details varchar(255),Constraint c8 primary key(deal_id), foreign key(account_id) References a_accounts (account_id),foreign key(asset_id) References a_asset (asset_id),foreign key (broker_id) References b_broker(broker_id),foreign key(f_product_id) References f_products (f_product_id), foreign key(staff_id) References s_staff (staff_id));

    Transactions_Table

     

    create table t_transactions(transaction_id number not null, deal_id number,
    transaction_details varchar(255),Constraint c9 primary key (transaction_id),foreign key(deal_id) References d_deals(deal_id));

    Settlements_Table

     

    create table s_settlement(settlement_id number not null, deal_id number,settlement_deal_details varchar
    (255),Constraint c10 primary key (settlement_id),foreign key(deal_id) References d_deals
    (deal_id));

    Ref_Currencies_Table

     

    create table r_currencies(currency_code char(15),currency_name varchar(255),current_USD_exchange_rate REAL,Constraint c11 primary key
    (currency_code));

    Deals_Currencies_Table

     

    create table d_currencies(deal_currency_id number not null, currency_code char(15),currency_deal_details varchar(255),Constraint c12 primary key
    (deal_currency_id),foreign key(currency_code) References r_currencies(currency_code));

     

    Deals_General_Table

     

    create table d_general(deal_general_id number not null, details_general_details varchar(40),Constraint c13 primary key
    (deal_general_id));

    Deals_Fx_Table

    create table d_fx(deal_fx_id number not null, details_fx_details varchar(40),Constraint c14 primary key
    (deal_fx_id));

CTS INTERVIEW
HCL TECHNOLOGIES
WIPRO INTERVIEW

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